Vocabulary
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| 大运河 大運河 | the Grand Canal, 1800 km from Beijing to Hangzhou, built starting from 486 BC | Proper Noun |
| 汉武帝 漢武帝 | Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty (141-87 BC) | Proper Noun |
| 西宁 西寧 | Xining, prefecture-level city and capital of Qinghai Province | Proper Noun |
| 世博会 世博會 | World Expo | Proper Noun |
| 大唐 大唐 | Great Tang | Proper Noun |
| 李世民 李世民 | Li Shimin, personal name of second Tang emperor Taizong (599-649), reigned 626-649 | Proper Noun |
| 秦岭 秦嶺 | Qinling Mountain Range in Shaanxi forming a natural barrier between the Guanzhong Plain and the Han River valley | Proper Noun |
| 罗马帝国 羅馬帝國 | Roman Empire (27 BC-476 AD) | Proper Noun |
| 亚欧大陆 亞歐大陸 | Eurasian continent | Proper Noun |
| 江南 江南 | south of Changjiang or Yangtze river; south of the lower reaches of Changjiang; often refers to south Jiangsu, south Anhui and north Zhejiang provinces; a province during Qing times; in literature, refers to the sunny south; Gangnam (distri | Proper Noun |
| 辽东 遼東 | Liaodong peninsula between Bohai 渤海 and Yellow sea; east and south of Liaoning province; east of Liao river 遼河|辽河 | Proper Noun |
| 隋唐 隋唐 | Sui (581-617) and Tang dynasties (618-907) | Proper Noun |
| 扬州 揚州 | Yangzhou, prefecture-level city in Jiangsu Province | Proper Noun |
| 隋文帝 隋文帝 | Wendi (541-604), posthumous name of the first Sui emperor, reigned 581-604 | Proper Noun |
| 伊斯坦布尔 伊斯坦布爾 | Istanbul, Turkey | Proper Noun |
| 巴里 巴里 | Bari (Puglia, Italy) | Proper Noun |
| 哈密 哈密 | Hami, prefecture-level city in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region | Proper Noun |
| 波斯湾 波斯灣 | Persian Gulf | Proper Noun |
| 费尔干纳盆地 費爾干納盆地 | the Ferghana Valley in modern Uzbekistan | Proper Noun |
| 帕米尔 帕米爾 | the Pamirs, highland region of Central Asia | Proper Noun |
| 印度洋 印度洋 | Indian Ocean | Proper Noun |
| 帕米尔高原 帕米爾高原 | the Pamirs, highland region of Central Asia | Proper Noun |
| 库尔 庫爾 | Chur (city in Switzerland) | Proper Noun |
| 和田 和田 | Hotan, prefecture in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region; Wada (Japanese surname and place name) | Proper Noun |
| 曹魏 曹魏 | Cao Wei, the most powerful of the Three Kingdoms, established as a dynasty in 220 by Cao Pi 曹丕, son of Cao Cao, replaced by Jin dynasty in 265 | Proper Noun |
| 太守 太守 | governor of a province | Proper Noun |
| 武城 武城 | Wucheng county in Dezhou, Shandong | Proper Noun |
| 乌兹别克斯坦 烏茲別克斯坦 | Uzbekistan | Proper Noun |
| 伊吾 伊吾 | Yiwu County in Hami, Xinjiang | Proper Noun |
| 横山 橫山 | Hengshan, the name of various places; Yokoyama (Japanese surname) | Proper Noun |
| 一战 一戰 | World War I (1914-1918) | Proper Noun |
| 青海湖 青海湖 | Qinghai Lake (Tibetan: mtsho-sngon) | Proper Noun |
| 塔里木 塔里木 | the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang | Proper Noun |
| 昆仑山脉 崑崙山脈 | Kunlun Mountain range | Proper Noun |
| 临海 臨海 | Linhai, county-level city in Taizhou, Zhejiang | Proper Noun |
| 辽阳 遼陽 | Liaoyang, prefecture-level city in Liaoning Province | Proper Noun |
| 龙华 龍華 | Longhua, the name of numerous streets, railway stations, temples and city districts etc, notably Longhua Temple in Shanghai and Longhua District of Shenzhen, Guangdong | Proper Noun |
| 匈奴 匈奴 | Xiongnu, a people of the Eastern Steppe who created an empire that flourished around the time of the Qin and Han dynasties | Proper Noun |
| 甘肃省 甘肅省 | Gansu Province, capital Lanzhou | Proper Noun |
| 县城 縣城 | county seat; county town | Proper Noun |
| 魏晋 魏晉 | Wei (220-265) and Jin (265-420) dynasties | Proper Noun |
| 隋末 隋末 | last years of the Sui dynasty; early 7th century AD | Proper Noun |
| 唐太宗 唐太宗 | Emperor Taizong of Tang, reign name of second Tang emperor Li Shimin (599-649), reigned 626-649 | Proper Noun |
| 尚书 尚書 | same as Book of History | Proper Noun |
| 平顺 平順 | Pingshun, county in Shanxi | Proper Noun |
| 唐代 唐代 | Tang dynasty (618-907) | Proper Noun |
| 登基 登基 | to ascend the throne | |
| 仓 倉 | granary; berth; sea | |
| 域 域 | district, region, boundary; land | |
| 首领 首領 | head; boss; chief |