Vocabulary
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| 拓跋 拓跋 | branch of the Xianbei 鮮卑|鲜卑 nomadic people, founders of Wei 北魏 of the Northern Dynasties (386-534); also written 拓拔 | Proper Noun |
| 汉文 漢文 | Chinese written language; Chinese literature esp. as taught abroad | Proper Noun |
| 中宁 中寧 | Zhongning county in Zhongwei, Ningxia | Proper Noun |
| 中方 中方 | the Chinese side (in an international venture) | Proper Noun |
| 长江流域 長江流域 | Changjiang or Yangtze river basin | Proper Noun |
| 桃源 桃源 | Taoyuan county in Changde, Hunan; Taoyuan township in Kaohsiung county, southwest Taiwan | Proper Noun |
| 汉武帝 漢武帝 | Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty (141-87 BC) | Proper Noun |
| 西域 西域 | Western Regions (Han Dynasty term for regions beyond Yumen Pass) | Proper Noun |
| 陆河 陸河 | Luhe county in Shanwei 汕尾, Guangdong | Proper Noun |
| 中川 中川 | Nakagawa (Japanese surname and place name) | Proper Noun |
| 青山 青山 | Qingshan district of Wuhan city, Hubei; Qingshan district of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia | Proper Noun |
| 安居 安居 | Anju district of Suining city, Sichuan | Proper Noun |
| 以巴 以巴 | Israeli-Palestinian | Proper Noun |
| 无为 無為 | Wuwei, a county-level city in Wuhu, Anhui | Proper Noun |
| 扶桑 扶桑 | Fusang, mythical island of ancient literature, often interpreted as Japan | Proper Noun |
| 孝经 孝經 | Xiaojing (Classic of Filial Piety) | Proper Noun |
| 圣地 聖地 | holy land (of a religion); sacred place; shrine; holy city (such as Jerusalem, Mecca etc); center of historic interest | Proper Noun |
| 儒者 儒者 | Confucian | Proper Noun |
| 后梁 後梁 | Later Liang of the Five Dynasties (907-923) | Proper Noun |
| 士林 士林 | Shilin or Shihlin District of Taipei City, Taiwan | Proper Noun |
| 李广 李廣 | Li Guang (-119 BC), Han dynasty general, nicknamed Flying General 飛將軍|飞将军 and much feared by the Xiongnu 匈奴 | Proper Noun |
| 唐代 唐代 | Tang dynasty (618-907) | Proper Noun |
| 陶渊明 陶淵明 | Tao Yuanming (c. 365-427), Jin dynasty writer and poet | Proper Noun |
| 五胡 五胡 | Five non-Han people, namely: Huns or Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Di, Qiang, esp. in connection with the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 | Proper Noun |
| 诸葛亮 諸葛亮 | Zhuge Liang (181-234), military leader and prime minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period; the main hero of the fictional Romance of Three Kingdoms, where he is portrayed as a sage an | Proper Noun |
| 匈奴 匈奴 | Xiongnu, a people of the Eastern Steppe who created an empire that flourished around the time of the Qin and Han dynasties | Proper Noun |
| 晋朝 晉朝 | Jin Dynasty (265-420) | Proper Noun |
| 净土 淨土 | (Buddhism) Pure Land, usually refers to Amitabha Buddha's Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss (Sukhavati in Sanskrit) | Proper Noun |
| 正统 正統 | Zhengtong Emperor, reign name of sixth Ming Emperor Zhu Qizhen (1427-1464), reigned 1435-1449, temple name Yingzong | Proper Noun |
| 万户 萬戶 | ducal title meaning lord of 10,000 households; also translated as Marquis | Proper Noun |
| 鲜卑 鮮卑 | Xianbei or Xianbi, group of northern nomadic peoples | Proper Noun |
| 梁书 梁書 | History of Liang of the Southern Dynasties, eighth of the 24 dynastic histories, compiled by Yao Silian in 636 during Tang dynasty, 56 scrolls | Proper Noun |
| 魏晋 魏晉 | Wei (220-265) and Jin (265-420) dynasties | Proper Noun |
| 恒河 恆河 | Ganges River | Proper Noun |
| 郭 郭 | outer part (of a city); surname | |
| 谢 謝 | thank | |
| 威 威 | pomp, power; powerful; dominate | |
| 氏 氏 | clan, family; mister | |
| 官学 官學 | school or academic institution (old) | |
| 宋 宋 | Song dynasty; surname | |
| 仙 仙 | immortal | |
| 武 武 | military; martial, warlike | |
| 血腥 血腥 | reeking of blood; bloody (events) | |
| 刺史 刺史 | provincial governor (old) | |
| 永 永 | long, perpetual, eternal, forever | |
| 自此 自此 | since then; henceforth | |
| 秦 秦 | surname Qin; Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) of the first emperor; short name for | |
| 典籍 典籍 | ancient books or records | |
| 经学 經學 | study of the Confucian classics | |
| 身处 身處 | in (some place); to be in (adversity, a difficult situation, danger, turmoil etc); to find oneself in; placed in; surrounded by |