Vocabulary
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| 司马迁 司馬遷 | Sima Qian (145-86 BC), Han Dynasty historian, author of Records of the Grand Historian, known as the father of Chinese historiography | Proper Noun |
| 漠北 漠北 | Outer Mongolia (lit. north of the Gobi Desert) | Proper Noun |
| 圣地 聖地 | holy land (of a religion); sacred place; shrine; holy city (such as Jerusalem, Mecca etc); center of historic interest | Proper Noun |
| 乌孙国 烏孫國 | Wusun kingdom of central Asia (c. 300 BC-300 AD) | Proper Noun |
| 兰州市 蘭州市 | Lanzhou, prefecture-level city and capital of Gansu Province | Proper Noun |
| 兰州 蘭州 | Lanzhou, prefecture-level city and capital of Gansu Province | Proper Noun |
| 玉门关 玉門關 | Yumen Pass, or Jade Gate, western frontier post on the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty, west of Dunhuang, in Gansu | Proper Noun |
| 金昌 金昌 | Jinchang, prefecture-level city in Gansu Province | Proper Noun |
| 帕米尔高原 帕米爾高原 | the Pamirs, highland region of Central Asia | Proper Noun |
| 塞北 塞北 | (old) territories north of the Great Wall | Proper Noun |
| 春秋战国时代 春秋戰國時代 | the Spring and Autumn (770-476 BC) and Warring States (475-221 BC) periods; Eastern Zhou (770-221 BC) | Proper Noun |
| 秦始皇 秦始皇 | Qin Shihuang (259-210 BC), the first emperor | Proper Noun |
| 秦军 秦軍 | the Qin army (model for the terracotta warriors) | Proper Noun |
| 辽东 遼東 | Liaodong peninsula between Bohai 渤海 and Yellow sea; east and south of Liaoning province; east of Liao river 遼河|辽河 | Proper Noun |
| 永登 永登 | Yongdeng county in Lanzhou, Gansu | Proper Noun |
| 玉门 玉門 | Yumen, county-level city in Jiuquan 酒泉, Gansu | Proper Noun |
| 罗布泊 羅布泊 | Lop Nor, former salt lake in Xinjiang, now a salt-encrusted lake bed | Proper Noun |
| 李希霍芬 李希霍芬 | Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833-1905), German geologist and explorer who published a major foundational study of the geology of China in 1887 and first introduced the term Silk Road 絲綢之路|丝绸之路 | Proper Noun |
| 亚欧大陆 亞歐大陸 | Eurasian continent | Proper Noun |
| 没想到 沒想到 | didn't expect | |
| 霍 霍 | quickly, suddenly; surname | |
| 公元前 公元前 | BCE (before the Common Era); BC (before Christ) | |
| 骑兵 騎兵 | cavalry | |
| 魏 魏 | kingdom of Wei; surname | |
| 威 威 | pomp, power; powerful; dominate | |
| 乌 烏 | crow, rook, raven; black, dark | |
| 秦 秦 | surname Qin; Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) of the first emperor; short name for | |
| 兄 兄 | elder brother | |
| 后方 後方 | the rear; far behind the front line | |
| 泽 澤 | marsh, swamp; grace, brilliance | |
| 脉 脈 | blood vessels, veins, arteries | |
| 受降 受降 | to accept surrender | |
| 兵法 兵法 | art of war; military strategy and tactics | |
| 相 相 | mutually | |
| 毫无疑问 毫無疑問 | certainty; without a doubt | |
| 军马 軍馬 | warhorse; cavalry horse; troops | |
| 兵力 兵力 | military strength; armed forces; troops | |
| 击 擊 | strike, hit, beat; attack, fight | |
| 寒 寒 | cold, wintry, chilly | |
| 急速 急速 | hurried; at a great speed; rapid (development) | |
| 巨 巨 | large, great, enormous; chief | |
| 伯 伯 | variant of | |
| 战后 戰後 | after the war; postwar | |
| 掌控 掌控 | to control; in control of | |
| 安息 安息 | Parthia (ancient country in central Asia) | |
| 意 意 | meaning, intent | |
| 孱弱 孱弱 | delicate; frail; impotent; weak | |
| 胜败 勝敗 | victory or defeat; result | |
| 雨林 雨林 | rainforest | |
| 结成 結成 | to form; to forge (alliances etc) |